God Gives Greater Grace

We have been studying chapter 4 of the book of James. My translation of the first six verses is as follows:

What is the source of wars and fights among you? Don’t they come from your evil desires that battle in your members. You lust, but you don’t have. You kill and covet, and you cannot obtain. You fight and wage war, you still do not have, because you are not praying. When you do pray, you still do not get anything because you pray wickedly, that you may spend a lot of money on your lusts.

You adulteresses, don’t you know the truth, that the friendship with the world is enmity to God. Therefore, whoever decides to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God. Or do you suppose that the Scripture says in vain, “The Spirit [that is, the Holy Spirit] who indwells us longs jealously [that is, for our holiness, that we love God alone, not God and the world], and he gives greater grace. Wherefore, he says, “God opposes the proud [that is, the friend of the world] but gives grace to the humble.”

In verses 4 through 6 we learn that God gives greater grace. What is our great need? Grace. Most people think what they need most is money. That is a deception. What we need is more grace, which we cannot get from this world. Grace comes from God to those who trust in him.

Worldliness

Worldliness is a problem in the church. James deals with its cause and cure, especially in the first ten verses of chapter 4. A worldly Christian is one who tries to love Jesus and the world. He is trying to serve two masters at the same time—Jesus and money. He wants Jesus to give him lots of money to buy a lot of stuff and power, so that he can enjoy the pleasures of this world. He refuses to love God alone, wholeheartedly. He is a third-soil Christian. Such a person may read the Bible and go to church. But soon the worries of this temporal life, the deceitfulness of wealth, and the pleasures of this earthly life choke and kill his interest in the gospel.

Eventually, the minds of such people are given totally over to earthly things and the pleasures of sin. Of them Paul writes, “For, as I have often told you before and now say again even with tears, many live as enemies of the cross of Christ. Their destiny is destruction, their god is their stomach, and their glory is in their shame. Their mind is on earthly things” (Phil. 3:18–19). Such people refuse to be transformed by the renewing of their minds by the Scripture. So they become conformists, chameleons, and people of the world.

Such people enjoy the influence of the Holy Spirit, like King Saul, for a time. But the Holy Spirit later left Saul, and an evil spirit came upon him to torment him all his life. The same thing happened to Judas. He was an apostle, and he was also a thief. In due time, the devil prompted him, entered him, and killed him. Samson is another example. He loved Delilah, not God. In time, he lost both eyes, became a slave to the Philistines, and was killed.

A double-minded man loves only money. “What does it profit,” Jesus said, “if you gain the whole world and lose your soul?” (Matt. 16:26). A double-minded man is unstable in all his ways. He will in due time sell God to serve the devil, who will, in turn, destroy him. But the eyes of a hedonist are blinded by the pleasures of sin.

So the perennial problem of the church is worldliness, the temptation to be like the world. Notice, in James 4:4, the apostle calls church members adulteresses, although he had earlier addressed them as “my dear brothers.” To him, worldliness is spiritual adultery. The world is organized, not under God, as the kingdom of God is, but under the devil, who opposes God. The devil is a liar and the father of all lies. He always negates the Bible.

James previously said that this world is a dirty place, so we must be careful how we live. Just watch television for five minutes and you will understand the world and you feel dirty. And we must not share the world’s dirty values and philosophies. So James says, “Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world” (Jas. 1:27).

We are to live as the light of the world as we live out the gospel. A Christian who embraces the filthy lifestyle of the world is like a dog who returns to its own vomit. Of such people Peter writes, “They have left the straight way and wandered off to follow the way of Balaam son of Beor, who loved the wages of wickedness. . . . If they have escaped the corruption of the world by knowing our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ and are again entangled in it and overcome, they are worse off at the end than they were at the beginning. It would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than to have known it and then to turn their backs on the sacred command that was passed on to them. Of them the proverbs are true: ‘A dog returns to its vomit,’ and, ‘A sow that is washed goes back to her wallowing in the mud’” (2 Pet. 2:15, 20–22).

Jesus told the church of Ephesus, “Yet I hold this against you: You have forsaken your first love” (Rev. 2:4). In other words, “You are not loving me as you used to love me.” He continued, “Remember the height from which you have fallen! Repent and do the first thing.” We do so by loving God with all our heart, mind, soul, and strength. And Paul wrote about his fellow worker who succumbed to worldliness, “Demas has abandoned me, having loved this present evil world” (2 Tim 4:10).

This is our temptation too, as John tells us in 1 John 2:15–17. He begins, “Do not love the world.” The words “the world” appears six times in these verses. “Do not love the world or anything in the world [the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the boasting of stuff]. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For everything in the world—the cravings of sinful man, the lust of his eyes and the boasting of what he has and does—comes not from the Father but from the world [from the devil]. The world and its desires pass away, but the man who does the will of God lives forever.”

We must understand that Jesus came to destroy the devil, who rules the world. So John writes, “He who does what is sinful is of the devil, because the devil has been sinning from the beginning. The reason the Son of God appeared was to destroy the devil’s work” (1 John 3:8). Paul explains, “The god of this age has blinded the minds of unbelievers, so that they cannot see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God” (2 Cor. 4:4). Paul also says, “And having disarmed the powers and authorities, he made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them by the cross” (Col. 2:15). The Hebrew writer states, “Since the children have flesh and blood, he too shared in their humanity so that by his death he might destroy him who holds the power of death—that is, the devil—and free those who all their lives were held in slavery by their fear of death” (Heb. 2:14–15).

Every unbeliever is a slave of the devil. Jesus came to set us free from this wretched slavery. It is sheer foolishness for a Christian to become worldly, to become an adulterer. Of such people John writes, “They went out from us, but they did not really belong to us. For if they had belonged to us, they would have remained with us; but their going showed that none of them belonged to us” (1 John 2:19).

Such worldly Christians have never been born of God. The saints born of God shall persevere to the very end by divine grace. James rebukes his church people by calling them adulteresses. It is an “in your face” rebuke. How would we like it if the pastor comes and says to us, “You are an adulterer”? But this idea is rooted in the Old Testament, where Israel was taught that she could not serve both the Lord and idols. Our God is a jealous God. He alone must be worshiped and served. Worldliness insults our Lord, who is the husband of Israel. So we read in Exodus 20:5, “You shall not bow down to [idols] or worship them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me.” We also read, “Be careful not to forget the covenant of the LORD your God that he made with you; do not make for yourselves an idol in the form of anything the LORD your God has forbidden. For the LORD your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God” (Deut. 4:23–24). Isaiah says, “For your Maker is your husband—the LORD Almighty is his name—the Holy One of Israel is your Redeemer; he is called the God of all the earth” (Isa. 54:5). In Jeremiah 3:20 we read, “‘But like a woman unfaithful to her husband, so you have been unfaithful to me, O house of Israel,’ declares the LORD.”

Paul says, “They exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served created things rather than the Creator—who is forever praised. Amen” (Rom. 1:25). He also tells the church, “I am jealous for you with a godly jealousy. I promised you to one husband, to Christ, so that I might present you as a pure virgin to him. But I am afraid that just as Eve was deceived by the serpent’s cunning, your minds may somehow be led astray from your sincere and pure devotion to Christ” (1 Cor. 11:2–3), from their first love, in other words.

James wants us to know this truth: Friendship with the world is enmity with God. Either we are friends of God or we are friends of the devil. This is the philosophy of either/or. Earlier in his epistle James said that Abraham was called a friend of God (Jas. 2:23). A friend is one who agrees with us in everything. Friends share everything. They have a unity of mind. Husbands and wives are friends. Amos asks this question, “How can two walk together unless they agree?” (Amos 3:3). Enoch walked with God because he agreed with God in everything. Abraham was told by the Lord, “Walk before me and be thou blameless,” and he did. Jesus does not call us slaves; he addresses us as friends, saying, “Greater love has no one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends. You are my friends if you do what I command” (John 15:13–14).

If you are a true believer, you will agree with Jesus on everything. And you will live a holy life, which the Scripture demands. You will enjoy holy communion with Jesus Christ, your friend. And you shall fulfill the highest duty Jesus demands of us, that we love him with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind. This is the sum of the entire Bible.

If we love the world, we are not part of the bride of Christ. Like Eve, we are adulteresses who actively and continuously oppose Jesus Christ. But the Lord also will oppose us actively and continuously as an enemy. Christ our bridegroom tolerates no adultery. He said we cannot serve God and money.

Jesus did not pray for the world in John 17, but for those God gave him out of the world. So he said that we are not of the world, and that the world hates us. We are the ekklêsia, the company of people who are called out from the dirty, sinful world, the dirty world that is controlled by the devil, the evil one. And he prayed three times that the Father protect us while we are in the world.

Paul tells us that God has delivered us from this present evil age (Gal. 1:4). And we are not to have any fellowship with the world. So Paul says, “May I never boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world” (Gal. 6:14). We are not to conform to the ways of this world; rather, we are to be transformed by the renewing of our minds by the word of God. We are to be conformed to the likeness of Jesus Christ.

From glory to glory, God is changing us. Therefore, we actively oppose the ways of the world by putting to death by the sword of the Spirit the misdeeds of the body. Yes, we may be called “right-wing extremists.” But we have no choice but to believe in, proclaim, and practice the Bible.

Our heavenly Bridegroom demands our exclusive, loyal, covenant love. Our God is a jealous God. In Deuteronomy we read, “They made him jealous with their foreign gods and angered him with their detestable idols” (Deut. 32:16). In the same chapter the Lord himself says, “They made me jealous by what is no god and angered me with their worthless idols” (Deut. 32:21). In Zechariah 8:2 we read, “This is what the LORD Almighty says: ‘I am very jealous for Zion; I am burning with jealousy for her’.” Paul says, “Are we trying to arouse the Lord’s jealousy? Are we stronger than he?” (1 Cor. 10:22). And the Hebrews writer warns, “It is a dreadful thing to fall into the hands of the living God . . . for our ‘God is a consuming fire’” (Heb. 10:31; 12:29). Even the devil believes and shudders. He knows who God is.

Those who are born of God will believe in Jesus Christ, obey Jesus Christ, and overcome the world. They are fighters. They fight the world in and through Jesus Christ, and they will win. John says, “For everyone born of God overcomes the world. This is the victory that has overcome the world, even our faith. Who is it that overcomes the world? Only he who believes that Jesus is the Son of God” (1 John 5:4–5). So James says, resist the devil, and he shall flee from you! We are overcomers, and Paul says we are super-overcomers, not in ourselves but in Jesus Christ, who destroyed the devil by his death on the cross.

If you are a born-again Christian, but you are flirting with the world, God will discipline you. He may even kill you so that your soul may be saved (see 1 Corinthians 5 and 11). His chastisement and discipline is painful (Heb. 12:5–11). But the bride of Christ must be holy, not dirty. So we read, “Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her to make her holy, cleansing her by the washing with water through the word, and to present her to himself as a radiant church, without stain or wrinkle or any other blemish, but holy and blameless” (Eph. 5:25–27). John says, “Then I heard what sounded like a great multitude, like the roar of rushing waters and like loud peals of thunder, shouting: ‘Hallelujah! For our Lord God Almighty reigns. Let us rejoice and be glad and give him glory! For the wedding of the Lamb has come, and his bride has made herself ready. Fine linen, bright and clean, was given her to wear.’ (Fine linen stands for the righteous acts of the saints.)” (Rev. 19:6–8). Without holiness, not one shall see God (Heb. 12:14).

The Holy Spirit Helps Us

Thank God, the Holy Spirit helps us with our problem of worldliness. James 4:5 is difficult to interpret. I agree with Calvin¹ and Mayor and Alford that this verse is speaking about the Holy Spirit and his ministry to us. So I translate it thusly: “Or do you suppose that the Scripture says in vain, ‘The Holy Spirit who indwells in us longs jealously,’” and I add, “for our holiness,” so that we will love God alone, not God and the world.

James asks, “Do you suppose the Scripture speaks in vain?” Of course, the Scripture never speaks in vain. In fact, the devil himself believes the Scripture and shudders. And when we resist him by the Scripture, he will flee. When he was tempted, Jesus said, “It is written.” He believed in the Scripture. He cited Scripture to the devil, and the devil left him. The sword of the Spirit is the word of God.

So James asks, “Do you suppose the Scripture speaks in vain?” He is not citing a specific scripture, but is speaking of the teaching of the whole Bible, as other writers do sometimes. Scripture is the very word of God. Jesus said, “Thy word is truth.” Let God be true and all men liars! We see this with modern politicians. Whenever they open their mouths, they are lying. We must observe what they do, not what they say, because they are mostly inspired by the devil, who runs the world.

But all the promises of the Scripture are true and all its threatenings are sure. And from the Scripture we learn that there is eternal life and eternal punishment, heaven and hell. God himself said so.

The devil lies, deceives, and enslaves. The devil is our enemy, who comes to steal, kill, and destroy us. But the Holy Spirit is sent from heaven to indwell, rule, guide, teach, and empower us. He is the Spirit of truth, the Spirit of holiness, and the Spirit of grace. As our resident Boss, he jealously desires that we love Christ alone, who loved us and died the death of the cross to atone our sins.

The Holy Spirit takes up residence in every true believer. So Paul writes, “If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead is living in you, he who raised Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit, who lives in you” (Rom. 8:11). He also says, “Don’t you know that you yourselves are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit lives in you?” (1 Cor. 3:16). Paul exhorts, “Guard the good deposit that was entrusted to you. Guard it with the help of the Holy Spirit who lives in you” (2 Tim. 1:14). He also tells us, “Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your body” (1 Cor. 6:19–20).

The ministry of the Holy Spirit is to glorify Christ. He helps us to love our Bridegroom all the more, and to hate the world, sin, and the devil. Jesus told his disciples, “I have much more to say to you, more than you can now bear. But when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all truth. He will not speak on his own; he will speak only what he hears, and he will tell you what is yet to come. He will bring glory to me by taking from what is mine and making it known to you” (John 16:12–14).

How did Jesus himself live in this world? According to the Bible, he lived by the Holy Spirit, from beginning to end. Jesus lived his incarnate life in this world by being led by the Spirit. (PGM) So we read, “When all the people were being baptized, Jesus was baptized too. And as he was praying, heaven was opened and the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form like a dove. And a voice came from heaven: ‘You are my Son, whom I love; with you I am well pleased’” (Luke 3:21–22). And we read, “Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit in the desert to be tempted. . . . Jesus returned to Galilee in the power of the Spirit” (Luke 4:1, 14). He was successful over temptation. And in the synagogue in Nazareth, Jesus said, “The Spirit of the Lord is on me” (Luke 4:18). The entire ministry of our Lord and Savior was in the power of the Holy Spirit. The writer to the Hebrews tells us, “Jesus offered himself up to God through the eternal Spirit” (Heb. 9:14). The death of Jesus Christ—his sacrifice of atonement—was by the eternal Holy Spirit, as was his resurrection.

The Holy Spirit dwells in us to help us to live a holy life. The Spirit always reveals to us from the Scriptures the glories of Jesus as well as the wickedness of the world and the devil. The Spirit of God instructs us to love Jesus by doing his will. Jesus said, “If you love me, obey my commandments.” The Holy Spirit not only instructs us, but he also empowers us and pours out God’s love in abundance into our hearts, that we may love God and one another.

This mighty indwelling Holy Spirit is jealous to see that we do not come under the seduction of the world, sin and the devil. He enables us to love Jesus even to the point of suffering martyrdom. So Jesus said, “When you are brought before synagogues, rulers and authorities, do not worry about how you will defend yourselves or what you will say, for the Holy Spirit will teach you at that time what you should say” (Luke 12:11–12). May God help us to be conscious of the Holy Spirit who dwells in us.

Do you love God more than the things of this world? That is what Jesus asked Peter: “Do you love me more than these?” that is, more than your life. The Danish theologian Søren Kirkegaard said, “Purity of heart is to will one thing.” And I say, “The one thing is to love God more than life itself.” May God help us always to be filled with the Holy Spirit that we may live a holy life!

We Need Greater Grace

In verse 6 James says, “But he gives more grace.” In the Greek, James uses the comparative degree of mega to indicate, not great grace, but greater grace. What do we need? Grace, divine ability—not greater amounts of money. The idea that we need more money is not true. What we need is greater grace, more grace.

Jesus said, “What is popular among men is abomination [detestable] in God’s sight” (Luke 16:15). Does the world praise you? Then you must wonder if you are a lover of the world. Are you a popular preacher? Then you may not be preaching the gospel because the world hates the true gospel.

Living a holy life for God in a hostile world is indeed difficult, for the world hates us as it hated our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore, because life in this world is very difficult, especially if we try to live faithfully for God, we will be tempted to compromise and cultivate a friendship with the world. This is dangerous, because whoever decides to be a friend of the world is making himself an enemy of God. And if God is our enemy, we will lose big, and we will lose forever.

What we need to please our Bridegroom is more grace. We need more grace to glorify God and enjoy him forever. Therefore, think who we are now. We are born of God. We have the life of God in the soul of man.

If we are truly saved, we are children of God, heirs of God, and joint heirs with Christ. In Christ, we can resist the devil, and he shall flee from us. And we have divine nature (2 Pet. 1:4). We have the Holy Spirit dwelling in us. Our bodies are the temple of the Holy Spirit. He is the Spirit of grace who gives us greater grace, more grace, abounding grace, sufficient grace. Thus, we have no excuse for not living a holy life.

We are in Christ, and Christ is in us. We are told that holy angels are ministering to us continually. Our God is a wall of fire and is a shield around us (Zech. 2:5; Ps. 3:3). All things are ours. We shall judge the world, and we shall judge angels. We are the bride of Christ.

Even now we are seated with Christ in heavenly places. So think of who we really are. If God is for us, who can be against us? Who can destroy us? St. Augustine was right when he said, “God grants us what he demands of us.”

But keep this in mind: God is an enemy of the proud. The one who loves the world hates God. Yes, he will pretend to be independent and to know everything. He will be proud and think that he does not need God. Yet the truth is, he is a slave of sin and a slave of the devil.

God actively and continually opposes the proud, the idolaters, the worldly people, the devil worshipers. But God also continually gives greater grace to humble believers so that they may live in this present evil age in a way that is pleasing to God. So we can say with Paul, “We can do all things God desires us to do by this grace.”

If you do not experience God’s grace, it is because you did not pray and humble yourself. You did not receive grace, because God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble. Don’t come and say that you sinned because you couldn’t help it. No, you sinned because you are arrogant. You are wicked and proud. You are independent. You have time for everything but for prayer and reading the Bible.

The humble person makes daily use of every means of grace, such as personal Bible reading and prayer, as well as family Bible reading and family prayer. My parents would pray together between three and four o’clock in the morning. Then from five to six the whole family would gather for prayer.

Public worship, especially on the Sabbath day, is another means of grace. So also is the public reading of the Scripture and public prayer. Preaching and teaching of the word of God by God’s gifted ministers are also means of grace.

The gifts of the Spirit, which we read about in 1 Corinthians 12–14, Romans 12:3–8, 1 Peter 4:11, and Ephesians 4:11, are also means of grace. The sacrament of baptism is a means of grace, as is holy communion.

Church discipline, which includes excommunicating the wicked, is a means of grace both for the one being excommunicated and for the whole church. Receiving counsel from the elders of the church is also a means of grace. If a person wanted to learn the will of God in the Old Testament, he would go to the priest, who would tell him what to do. So also we give biblical counseling to anyone who wants it. As the Hebrews writer exhorts us, “Obey your leaders and submit to their authority. They keep watch over you as men who must give an account [to God]” (Heb. 13:17).

Giving is another means of grace. Jesus said, “Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over, will be poured into your lap” (Luke 6:36). Serving is another means of grace. Finally, evangelism—that is, sharing our faith—is a means of grace. And by making use of these means of grace, we will have great grace, greater grace. That is all we need.

What God demands of us, he also grants to us. Paul writes, “Therefore, my dear friends, as you have always obeyed, continue to work out your salvation with fear and trembling, for it is God who works in you both to will and to act according to his good purpose” (Phil. 2:12-13). That is why I spoke about the Holy Spirit dwelling in us. The Holy Spirit is not a bullet lodged in us. He is the infinite Person, infinite God, who teaches us, rules us, guides us, tells us what to do, and gives us the power to do it. So Paul declares, “I can do everything through him who gives me strength” (Phil. 4:13). As we work and pray, God will give us strength and intelligence. Paul says he can do all things though God “who gives me strength.” That is grace.

Paul also writes, “And God is able to make all grace abound to you, so that in all things at all times, having all that you need, you will abound in every [all] good work” (2 Cor. 9:8). Five times the word “all” is used. Can we use the excuse that we are just failures? No, God says he will give us grace. When we face tough situations, we need greater grace. And God will give us greater grace, if we humble ourselves and pray and make use of the means of grace God has provided for us.

Read Paul’s testimony about God’s grace: “To keep me from becoming conceited [proud] because of these surpassingly great revelations, there was given me a thorn in my flesh, a messenger of Satan, to torment me. Three times I pleaded with the Lord to take it away from me. But he said to me, ‘My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in [your] weakness.’ Therefore I will boast all the more gladly about my weaknesses, so that Christ’s power may rest on me. That is why, for Christ’s sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties.” Paul speaks about all these things in 2 Corinthians 11. And elsewhere he explains, “We have this treasure [of the gospel ministry] in earthen vessels [i.e., our frail human bodies]. So how could Paul delight in such weaknesses? He concludes, “For when I am weak, then I am strong” (2 Cor. 12:7–10).

The Hebrews writer encourages us, “Let us then approach the throne of grace with confidence, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help us in our time of need” (Heb. 4:16). Why can we have confidence? Because our sin problem is taken care of by the death of Jesus Christ on the cross. “He who knew no sin became sin for us that we might become the righteousness of God” (2 Cor. 5:21). Therefore, we have confidence. Our sins have been forgiven.

We need mercy. We need grace every day because we have need. Stop complaining. Stop murmuring. Start praying. Start believing. Start reading the Bible Receive grace through the use of means of grace. We also read, “May the God of peace, who through the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, equip you with everything good for doing his will, and may he work in us what is pleasing to him, through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen” (Heb. 13:20–21). We need greater grace. And Paul tells us, “Where sin increased, grace increased all the more” (Rom. 5:20).

Pastor Kent Hughes gives this illustration of greater grace coming to us. An artist sent a painting of Niagara Falls to an art gallery. But he forgot to put a title on it, so the gallery gave this title to it: “More to Follow.” Why? This great waterfall has been spilling billions of gallons of water for thousands of years, yet it has more to give; there is more to follow.²

The grace of Jesus Christ is infinite and inexhaustible. It ever flows to his humble, holy people, to his holy bride in measureless measure. And his grace is sufficient for all our needs.

This grace flows to us from the cross and from the throne of God. It cost the death of God’s Son, yet it is free and full. So John tells us, “From the fullness of his grace we have all received grace upon grace upon grace upon grace” (John 1:16). So Paul says, “Now to him who is able to do immeasurably more than all we ask or imagine, according to his power that is at work in us, to him be glory in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations, for ever and ever! Amen” (Eph. 3:20–21).

¹ John Calvin, Commentary on the Epistle of James (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999), 332.

²2 R. Kent Hughes, James: Faith That Works, Preaching the Word series (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 1991), 179.